Abstract: Hydrogen generation by water electrolysis is an environmentally sound approach, it may become a significant breakthrough direction for the increasingly tense energy problems and carbon neutrality strategy. At present, precious metals are scarce, and precious metal hydrogen evolution (HER) catalysts represented by Pt/C are not suitable for long-term use. Iron foam (IF) is stable in structure and widely available. Based on IF, the simple soaking method was adopted to grow needle-shaped flaky ferric hydroxide (FeOOH/IF) on IF in situ, and then ferroferric oxide (Ov-Fe₃O₄/IF) containing oxygen vacancies (Ovs) was prepared by vacuum treatment, finally, phosphorization was carried out to prepare the Fe₃O₄ nanoneedle which was coordinated and controlled by Ovs and P atom doping (P-Ov-Fe₃O₄/IF). The doping of P atom can optimize the electronic environment around Fe atom and activate the catalytic activity of Fe₃O₄; Ovs can enhance the conductivity of the material and provide defects, which are more conducive to doping of P atoms. The results show that P-Ov-Fe₃O₄/IF has excellent HER performance. At −10 mA·cm⁻², the overpotential is only 40.96 mV, and the Tafel slope is 70.93 mV·dec⁻¹, which is similar to that of Pt/C. And after 96 hours of continuous operation under different currents, the voltage change is basically negligible and the stability is excellent. Ovs and P atom doping can jointly promote the electrocatalytic HER performance of iron-based materials. This study provides new ideas and strategies for the preparation of non-precious metal electrocatalytic materials.